Add comprehensive TypeScript support and conversion

- Convert entire backend to TypeScript with strict type checking
- Add comprehensive type definitions and interfaces
- Create typed models for Location and ProfanityWord with database operations
- Convert all services to TypeScript (DatabaseService, ProfanityFilterService)
- Convert all API routes with proper request/response typing
- Add TypeScript build system and development scripts
- Update package.json with TypeScript dependencies and scripts
- Configure tsconfig.json with strict typing and build settings
- Update CLAUDE.md documentation for TypeScript development
- Add .gitignore rules for TypeScript build artifacts

Architecture improvements:
- Full type safety throughout the application
- Typed database operations and API endpoints
- Proper error handling with typed exceptions
- Strict optional property handling
- Type-safe dependency injection for routes

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

package.json

@@ -2,15 +2,19 @@
   "name": "great-lakes-ice-report",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "Great Lakes Ice Report - Community-driven winter road conditions tracker for Michigan",
-  "main": "server.js",
+  "main": "dist/server.js",
   "scripts": {
-    "start": "npm run build && node server.js",
-    "dev": "npm run build-css && nodemon server.js",
+    "start": "npm run build && node dist/server.js",
+    "dev": "npm run build-css && npm run dev:ts",
+    "dev:ts": "concurrently \"tsc --watch\" \"nodemon dist/server.js\"",
+    "dev:js": "npm run build-css && nodemon server.js",
     "build-css": "sass src/scss/main.scss public/style.css --style=compressed",
     "build-css:dev": "sass src/scss/main.scss public/style.css --style=expanded --source-map",
     "watch-css": "sass src/scss/main.scss public/style.css --watch --style=expanded --source-map",
     "dev-with-css": "concurrently \"npm run watch-css\" \"npm run dev\"",
-    "build": "npm run build-css",
+    "dev-with-css:ts": "concurrently \"npm run watch-css\" \"npm run dev:ts\"",
+    "build": "npm run build:ts && npm run build-css",
+    "build:ts": "tsc",
     "test": "jest --runInBand --forceExit",
     "test:coverage": "jest --coverage",
     "postinstall": "npm run build-css"
@@ -23,11 +27,18 @@
     "sqlite3": "^5.1.6"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/cors": "^2.8.19",
+    "@types/express": "^5.0.3",
+    "@types/node": "^24.0.10",
+    "@types/node-cron": "^3.0.11",
+    "@types/sqlite3": "^3.1.11",
     "concurrently": "^9.2.0",
     "jest": "^29.7.0",
-    "nodemon": "^3.0.1",
+    "nodemon": "^3.1.10",
     "sass": "^1.89.2",
-    "supertest": "^6.3.4"
+    "supertest": "^6.3.4",
+    "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
+    "typescript": "^5.8.3"
   },
   "keywords": [
     "ice",